Performance compensation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Execution pay the board - Essay Example For instance, it entreats chiefs to give uncommon consideration to the terms of understanding for trial periods, strategies for tending to lackluster showing and the dangers presented by standard reports for lawful agreements. The article is written in open exposition and is brief in its verbalization. The article sounds an admonition to HR chiefs to make moves to not fall into basic lawful entanglements, which would superfluously burn through the company’s time and assets. This article offers an intriguing option in contrast to how Performance Management is customarily attempted. As opposed to concentrate on assessment and evaluation, the article contends, offering accentuation to worker advancement will undoubtedly prompt positive results. This methodology is to be applied without giving undue thought to the competency levels of workers. The article makes the consistently stable contention that Performance Management has an a lot more extensive degree than Performance Appraisal, in that it factors the accompanying key segments: â€Å"organization’s culture, its way to deal with estimating and remunerating execution, the disposition and abilities of those liable for its usage and organization (regardless of whether this is HR and additionally line supervisors), and the acknowledgment, responsibility and willing investment of the two appraisers and appraisees†. Another legitimacy joined with the article is its comprehensive plan, whereby t op directors, line chiefs, HR work force and different representatives team up to improve by and large effectiveness and execution. At long last, the article underscores the significance of positive brain research in boosting execution. Declaration: Make representative evaluations simple for your administrators with proposed input and improvement remarks, HRDaily, distributed on 13 December 2012 7:05 am recovered from on eleventh January, 2013 This article is basic and to the point. The article is an advertorial, advancing a HRM instrument for helping chiefs recorded as a hard copy

Organizational Change for Case Study of Motors-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theOrganizational Change for Case Study of General Motors. Answer: Presentation: This report manages authoritative change regarding a genuine contextual investigation alongside dissecting the different parts of hierarchical conduct in the given diary article. The principle goal of the article was to feature the effect of authoritative change on the hierarchical conduct of an association. These progressions include changes in the perspectives of the authoritative workers as far as protection from changes and change the board draws near. The article clarifies how changes occurred in General Motors and the techniques required to keep the authoritative workers spurred. Hierarchical conduct and change: As indicated by Khan Hashim (2014), the fast changes in the business condition have made it required for the associations to keep themselves refreshed and bring the fundamental changes inside the association so as to stay in front of the contenders. The adjustments in the advancements particularly in the car business have constrained the vehicle organizations to bring fundamental changes inside the associations. Change the executives is fundamental for achieving supportability over the long haul. Authoritative change may remember changes for the hierarchical culture, representatives, innovation, rules and guidelines, human asset the executives, and so forth. It is important to deal with these adjustments in a successful way to such an extent that the progressions end up being gainful for the association. Despite what might be expected, Cameron (2015) expressed that hierarchical changes are hard to actualize as they face a few sorts of protections. It is important to examine the authoritative conduct before starting any change. Hierarchical conduct is the investigation of the communication between the human conduct and the association. The significant kind of opposition is as representative obstruction. The representatives of an association are typically never for changes. The progressions brought inside an association legitimately influence the representatives of an association. For example, change as another innovation may make the workers dread that the innovation may supplant them and the association may no longer need them. Accordingly, executing change inside an association may make aggravations inside an association. Then again, as per Anderson (2016), the administration of an association must inspire the workers to support the adjustments so as to actualize the progressions inside the association without making any unsettling influences. It is important to change the perspectives of the representatives and cause them to comprehend the advantages they would get from the execution of the changes. Protection from changes and conquering them: As indicated by Pinder (2014), representatives oppose changes because of a few factors, for example, propensity, security, dread and prudent variables. Opposition is the response gotten from the hierarchical individuals when a change is proposed. In this manner, he proposed that an association must actualize a change decently. It is important to pick the authoritative workers, who might invite the change and the individuals who might oppose the change. It is the duty of the administration of an association to appropriately speak with the representatives and clarify them the advantages of the change. It is important to guarantee investment of all the hierarchical individuals so as to execute a change inside an association. It is likewise important to include the authoritative individuals in the dynamic procedure so as to keep them spurred. Despite what might be expected, Miner (2015) referenced that following the Lewins three stage change model is important to guarantee the achievement of a change execution. It is important to set up the workers before the usage of an adjustment so as to guarantee that they feel great both when the execution of the change. This procedure includes unfreezing, executing the change and refreezing. Then again, Greenberg (2013) expressed that it is important to consider the recognitions and perspectives of the hierarchical individuals to know their demeanor towards the change. There are consistently conceivable outcomes that people may have discernment mistakes. Discernment is a progression of mental advances that empower an individual to decipher a data or circumstance. Change the board at General Motors: General Motors is an American vehicle fabricating organization which was found in the year 1908. The organization maintains its business in six mainlands covering in excess of 396 areas. The organization was at one time the biggest vehicle producing organization on the planet yet after the development of Toyota, the organization fell into back foot. As indicated by DuBrin (2013), there were a few inside variables that necessary a radical change so as to stay in front of the contenders. On such issue was the high wages paid to the representatives at General Motors when contrasted with Toyota, which at last expanded the costs of the association. The organization was constrained to complete its exercises with over 80% limit in any event, when it was not required. All these interior elements prompted the destruction of the association. Despite what might be expected, Wagner III Hollenbeck (2014) referenced that the significant change required inside the association was cost-cutting. In any case, this change is never acknowledged by the representatives of an association as it would include bringing down their wages or pay rates. In spite of the protections, the association cut the compensation of the authoritative representatives, which prompted disappointment and demotivation among the workers. Another monstrous change required was the social change. The association got a few changes the structure of the association and in the supervisory crew. This change was started to improve the speed of dynamic procedure. Then again, as per Luthans, Luthans (2015), a few issues excited because of the adjustments in the wages and the hierarchical culture. The top-down methodology followed by the association didn't consider the contribution of the representatives in the dynamic procedures. This caused the workers to feel disappointment and at last prompted work disappointment. The cost-chopping system and the top-down view approach of the administration had a few negative effects on the association. The brought down wages and the cut in the quantity of workers made disappointment among the representatives. The representatives got aware of their employer stability and lower compensation. The development of other car organizations, for example, Toyota turned into a colossal danger for the association as Toyota had kept up a solid hierarchical culture and had been effective in keeping the representatives fulfilled. This turned into an extreme test for General Motors and the organization began enduring trem endous misfortunes. Maslow needs pecking order hypothesis: This hypothesis of inspiration expresses that there are five essential needs of a man. The main need is the physiological needs. This includes necessities, for example, food, water and haven. The following level contains wellbeing need, which includes budgetary security and wellbeing security. The following level includes sentiment of belongingness, wherein an individual builds up a sentiment of being adored. After the fulfillment of all the lower needs, emerges the need of regard. In this stage, an individual grows needs of being regarded by others. The last stage involves self-realization needs wherein the need of accomplishing everything an individual can accomplish rises (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). End: General Motors confronted extreme rivalry from Toyota and endured enormous misfortunes before. Nonetheless, the organization had the option to improve its situation by contemplating and executing authoritative conduct hypotheses. The organization has had the option to improve its working conditions and has likewise had the option to keep its representatives fulfilled. Change the board is fundamental for achieving supportability over the long haul. It is important to deal with these adjustments in a viable way to such an extent that the progressions end up being helpful for the association. In any case, the organization is required to consider the observations and mentalities of the hierarchical individuals while starting any change inside the association. Persuaded representatives are a resource for an association and help in improving the profitability of an association. In this manner, it is important to keep the hierarchical individuals all around educated about the authoritative changes and keep them persuaded with the goal that the progressions are executed effectively. References: Anderson, D. L. (2016).Organization turn of events: The way toward driving hierarchical change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate maintainability. Routledge. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making feeling of progress the board: A total manual for the models, instruments and procedures of hierarchical change. Kogan Page Publishers. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of authoritative conduct: An applied viewpoint. Elsevier. Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2013).Organizational conduct: The condition of the science. Routledge. Khan, M. A., Hashim, M. (2014). Authoritative Change: Case Study of General Motors. Luthans, F., Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W. (2015).Organizational conduct: A proof based methodology. IAP. Digger, J. B. (2015).Organizational conduct 1: Essential hypotheses of inspiration and administration. Routledge. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work inspiration in hierarchical conduct. Brain science Press. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational conduct: Securing upper hand. Routledge.

Entrapment and Confinement :: essays research papers

Individuals experience limitations and restrictions every day: entryways, dividers, doors. The most often utilized and strenuous are those that are immaterial, be it in a vocation or public activity, regardless of whether physical or passionate, exacting or metaphorical. Both the unmistakable and immaterial are found in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Crysanthemums†. In spite of the fact that composed by individuals from the other gender, the two creators can catch the sentiments of physical and enthusiastic detainment that causes a continuous mental breakdown. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† follows the treatment of a lady who dives from melancholy to franticness in the male-forced mental control of her room, while the spouse, Elisa, in â€Å"The Crysanthemums†, mirrors an inside battle with herself to discover her place in a universe of positive sex jobs. The circumstances of the two ladies are comparable: gifts and dreams, expectations and wants, disregarded by the spouses and times of the ladies, which prompts panic; however comparable, the ladies to act ways radically not the same as each other, which decides if the ladies lose their rational soundness.      The storyteller in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Elisa Allen of â€Å"The Crysanthemums† both have spouses who extravagant realizing what their wives need and need. With such mentalities and convictions, these men add to the sentiment of restriction that at last prompts the loss of rational soundness of their spouses. The narrator’s spouse additionally expect that he comprehends what is best for his significant other. He figures seclusion and restriction will fix her â€Å"nervous depression.† Nevertheless, this â€Å"cure† makes her feeble; it changes her into a lady gone distraught. While in transit to supper, Elisa gets some information about the battles and his quick answer is, â€Å"We can go on the off chance that you need, yet I don’t figure you might want them much.† He can't understand the possibility that she may really appreciate this non-ladylike occasion.      The two ladies follow the example of those going frantic: in the long run, they start to see things and structure associations with the pictures that live just in their brains. The storyteller surrenders to the inventions of her creative mind and starts to transform this â€Å"thing† she envisions behind the backdrop as a stimulating picture of herself. This â€Å"woman† turns into a destructive blend: closest companion and most exceedingly awful adversary. She sees the lady as caught, and, so as to liberate herself from this non-satisfying life, she should free the lady. Elisa likewise gets an excluded visitor, a tinker who she sees as the ideal seal of opportunity.

Opportunity Analysis for Knowledge and Awareness -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theOpportunity Analysis for Knowledge and Awareness. Answer: Idea and Visions (10%) The subject of this report is to introduce an open door for building up a vehicle carport in Abu Dhabi. The spot has been related to a deficiency of the vehicle leaving offices. The carport will give stopping, fixing and occasions holding administrations. The open door is promising since the market rivalry is low as there is just one carport in the market square. In any case, prevailing upon the clients confidence the previously existing square carport may represent a test. The overall revenue may likewise be low toward the beginning of the business which may require contributing increasingly money to keep up the administrations. The capacity to keep up serious edge in the market empowers an organization improves manageability, development, and advancement. A solid situation in the market causes an organization to understand its objective of improving productivity. Producing Knowledge and Awareness (10%) Investing in a carport came up through a conceptualizing procedure which started me to think about the business. I likewise did an overview of the market whereby I understood that there exist intense congested driving conditions in the market as the vehicles line up to get a parking spot in the Plaza carport. This drove me to converse with some potential clients who in the wake of offering my plan to them demonstrated an enthusiasm for having an elective carport office (In Allen-Meares, 2017). Some said that having a carport close to the shopping centers will be profitable. They additionally indicated enthusiasm for having a carport that will offer the fixing administrations. Creating Ideas (10%) The conceptualizing method was an extraordinary way to deal with defining the idea. I concocted a few thoughts which when I examined them, put the carport setting thought on the highest priority on the rundown (Coyne, 2011). I additionally recognized the need to fill the hole in the carport offices in the market. The square carport alone was not adequate to encourage the carport administrations considering the numerous vehicles in the UAE showcase. The expanding number of vehicles introduced the leaving issue which gave me the plan to get such a chance. The car influxes brought about by the inaccessibility of other leaving offices hindered the business tasks in the market and this gave me the business opportunity. Way to deal with Innovation (10%) I will build up the parking spot and get the vehicle overhauling machines. I foresee to diminish roads turned parking lots and furthermore over-burdening of the vehicles in the current court leaving. I will utilize the problematic advancement whereby the business will make another market with different offices (Keeley, 2013). This will represent a test to the current business. Constraints (10%) In spite of being an extraordinary chance to contribute, the business may have a few restrictions, for example, confronting solid rivalry from the court carport which has just settled itself subsequently winning the clients interests might be troublesome. The clients are likewise used to the court stopping and it might require some investment for them to become acclimated to the private one and its patterns and this will mean misfortunes to the business (Girotra Netessine, 2014). The guidelines for renting may likewise be convoluted which may cost the thought a lot of cash and time before it gets executed. The business may likewise hazard having the duties raised for the business territory. Market Analysis. (10%) The business thought tends to the vehicle division of and the market is appealing since the quantity of vehicles entering the market is expanding which encourages the requirement for more carport offices. Enhancing around here will likewise facilitate the general business activities in the market since stopping offices will be made quicker consequently clearing automobile overloads. An exploration on the circumstances and end results of the automobile overloads on the business activities should be possible to relate this market need. Just a single industry court carport has been offering carport administrations to the market in the previous three years. The business foresees to receive the client focused methodology and increment benefit by reexamining the business targets. Having an expanding number of vehicles with just one carport industry shows the business opportunity. The business is regarded to gain an extensive piece of the overall industry of about 80% as it has less good wa ys from the shopping centers. Clients and Customer Development. (10%) The greater part of the customers present a requirement for fix benefits so that as they leave and go for different exercises, they discover their vehicles astoundingly back to save money on schedule. The less good ways from the shopping centers will likewise be useful particularly on the off chance that they need to convey some shopping to the vehicle. The clients utilize the court stopping which is the main carport available. The clients are eager to utilize the offices since it will tackle a large portion of the carport issues. I will utilize publicizing approaches, for example, utilizing the announcements to connect with clients. Moving toward the clients as they drive gradually in the jams is additionally another approach to contact them. The utilization of appropriate language when managing clients makes them structure a longing to the buy the item discounted. Rivalry and Positioning. (10%) Square carport offers these types of assistance as of now and VIP vehicle leaving suppliers may enhance in this business later on. They have a decent open picture which fills in as a bit of leeway to them. Be that as it may, the significant distance from the shopping centers presents a test to them. Court carport serves about 70% of the market while the VIP vehicle leaving serves 20% of the market. The deals of the contenders are consistent and the likelihood of having the property lease contract disregarded may turn into a boundary to the passage of my business. Different contenders might be banned from entering the market by the expanded assessments of the business zones (Boynton et al, 2011). My partners may help me through spreading the data of the new carport to others in order to win more clients. Plan of action and Lean Startup Philosophy. (10%) I will start by gaining the important licenses for my business and build up the office. By offering quick and proficient administrations to win the clients trust will be my approach to win cash. Moving toward singular clients to test my administrations will likewise gain me cash. The endeavor may begin winning benefits following picking up the clients trust over the contenders. Making misfortunes toward the start is the best test that I should manage. Further, the procurement of licensed innovation rights will be basic with the goal that no contender can utilize our administrations for their advantage. Learning and Adaptation (10%) So as to think of a practical business thought, there is a need to do an exhaustive statistical surveying and do a SWOT examination. A few difficulties may present concerning the thought, however having a conceptualizing and solid inventive aptitudes will beat the apprehensions. Innovating in the carport business is a genuine chance. An appropriate SWOT examination guarantees that the business is working with exact affectability available factors so as to upgrade development. Through SWOT, the dangers a business is presented to are followed and the advancement of the correct procedures to check the equivalent accomplished subsequently improved execution by a business. References Arevalo, J. A., Mitchell, S. F., Edward Elgar Publishing. (2017).Handbook of manageability in the executives instruction: looking for a multidisciplinary, imaginative and incorporated methodology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Press. Boynton, A. C., Fischer, B., Bole, W. (2011).The thought tracker: How to locate the best thoughts and get them going. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Press. Coyne, K. P., Coyne, S. T. (2011).Brainsteering: A superior way to deal with advancement thoughts. New York: Harper Business. Press. Girotra, K., Netessine, S. (2014).The hazard driven plan of action: Four inquiries that will characterize your organization. Press. In Allen-Meares, P. (2017).A twenty-first century way to deal with network change: Partnering to improve life results for youth and families in under-served neighborhoods. Press. Keeley, L. (2013).Ten kinds of development: The control of building forward leaps. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Press. Sirgy, M. J. (2011).Handbook of Quality-of-Life Research: An Ethical Marketing Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Press. Vinod, K. T. M. (2017).E-Democracy for Smart Cities. Press.

Mockingbird Book Gets a Sequel

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee occupies a special place in the history of American literature. Published out of the blue, written by a previously unknown author, it became an instant classic, was adapted into film in 1962, translated into more than 40 languages, sold more than 40 million copies and continues to sell about a million copies a year even now. It would have been amazing even by itself, but one fact makes it even more fascinating: Harper Lee retired to her native town of Monroeville, Ala immediately after the book’s release and never wrote again. And yet, now it seems that there will be another Mockingbird book, set for release this July. Or rather, it has been in existence this entire time. The second novel by Harper Lee, titled Go Set a Watchman, is set twenty years after the events of To Kill a Mockingbird and features a number of the same characters, but it is not a sequel per se. According to Harper Lee herself, it is a ‘parent’ to what so far was her first and only novel. Harper Lee wrote Go Set a Watchman in the mid-1950s, before To Kill a Mockingbird. In this book, Scout, the main heroine and protagonist of To Kill a Mockingbird, comes back to her native town to visit her aged father, Atticus Finch. Similarly to the first book, this work is mostly dedicated to depiction of racial tensions in a rural Southern town and father-daughter relationships. But it is not a follow-up – it is rather what To Kill a Mockingbird could have been. It was Harper Lee’s first novel, and it was rejected by the publisher; who, however, was fascinated with the flashbacks to Scout’s childhood and suggested that Ms. Lee should write a full-fledged novel about them. Thus was born To Kill a Mockingbird. But why now? Where has this book been for more than half a century? As it turns out, Harper Lee for a long time thought that the original manuscript was either lost or accidentally destroyed, and it was only recently rediscovered by Tonja Carter, her friend and lawyer. Ms. Lee reportedly wasn’t eager to publish the novel now, but was later persuaded by a small circle of friends that it was worthy of it. There is, however, a number of people who are skeptical about the quality of the book. Charles J. Shields, the author of biography of Harper Lee, believes that what we are going to get is a novel written by Ms. Lee without an editor’s participation when she was, for all practical purposes, an amateur. Another ethical consideration arises in concern of Ms. Lee’s involvement in the book’s publishing. She suffered a stroke in 2007 and has been living in an assisted-living facility ever since. Her sister Alice Lee who protected her from unwanted publicity for all these years, died last autumn. Ms. Lee didn’t make any public announcements concerning the new book personally. All this makes the sudden appearance of this manuscript right now look a little bit too convenient.

How to Go From a 48 to 51 in GMAT Quant - Part VI

Today’s post the next part in our â€Å"How to Go From 48 to 51 in Quant† series. Again, we will learn a technique that can be employed by the test-taker at an advanced stage of preparation   requiring  one to understand the situations in which one can use this simplifying technique. (Before you continue reading, be sure to check out parts I, II, III, IV, and V of this series.) We all love to use the plug-in method on GMAT Quant questions. We have an equation given, and if the answer choices are the possible values of x, we just plug in these values to find the one  that satisfies the equation. But what if the answer choices are all complicated values? What if it seems that five times the calculation (in the worst case) will be far more time consuming than actually solving the given equation? Then one is torn between using the favorite plug-in method and using algebra. Let’s take an example to review the methods we can use to solve the question and learn how to simplify the plug-in process by approximating the five available options: If |4x−4|=|2x+30|, which of the following could be a value of x? (A) –35/3 (B) −21/2 (C) −13/3 (D) 11/5   (E) 47/5 This question is an ideal candidate for the â€Å"plug-in† method. Here, you have the absolute value equation with the potential values of x given in the answer choices. The problem is that the values of x given are fractional. Of course, if we do plan to solve the equation rather than plug-in, we can still solve it using our holistic approach rather than pure algebra. Let’s take a look at that now, and later we will discuss the trick to making the answer choices easier for us to plug in. Method 1: |4x 4| = |2x + 30| 4 * |x 1| = 2 * |x + 15| 2 * |x 1| = |x + 15| This is how we rephrase the equation in our words: twice the distance of x from 1 should be equal to the distance of x from -15. ——————(-15) —————————————————(0)——(1)—————— There are two ways to find the value of x: Case 1: x could be between -15 and 1 such that the distance between them is split in the ratio 2:1. or Case 2: x could be to the right of 1 such that the distance between x and -15 is twice the distance between x and 1. Lets examine both of these cases in further detail: Case 1:  The distance from -15 to 1 is of 16 units   this can be split into  3 sections of 16/3 units each. So, the distance of x from 1 should be 16/3, which would make the distance of x from -15 two times 16/3, i.e. 32/3. So, x should be at a point 16/3 away from 1 toward the left. x = 1 16/3 = -13/3 This is one of our answer choices  and, hence, the correct answer. Normally, we would just move on to the next question at this point, but had we not found -13/3 in the answer options, we would have moved on to  Case 2: Case 2:  The distance between -15 and 1 is 16 units. x should be an additional 16 units to the right of 1, so the distance between x and 1 is 16 and the distance between x and -15 is two times 16, i.e. 32. This means that x should be 16 units to the right of 1, i.e. x = 17.  If you would not have found -13/3 in the answer choices, then you would have found 17. Now let’s move on to see how we can make the plug-in method work for us in this case by examining each answer choice we are given: Method 2: |4x 4| = |2x + 30| 2 * |x 1| = |x + 15| (A) -35/3 It is difficult to solve for x = -35/3 to see if both sides match. Instead, let’s solve for the closest integer, -12. 2 * |-12 1| = |-12 + 15| On the left-hand side, you will get 26, but on the right-hand side, you will get 3. These values are far away from each other, so x cannot be -35/3.   As the value of x approaches the point where the equation holds i.e. where the two sides are equal to each other the gap between the value of the two sides keeps reducing. With such a huge gap between the value of the two sides in this case, it is unlikely that a small adjustment of -35/3 from -12 will bring the two sides to be equal. (B) -21/2 For this answer choice, lets solve for the nearest integer, x = -10. 2 * |-10 1| = |-10 + 15| On the left-hand side, you will get 22; on the right-hand side, you will  get 5. Once again, these values are far away from each other and, hence, x will not be -21/2. (C) -13/3 For this answer choice, lets solve for x = -4. 2 * |-4 -1| = |-4 + 15| On the left-hand side, you will get 10; on the right-hand side, you will get 11. Here, there is a possibility that x can equal -13/3, as the two sides are so close to one another plug in the actual value of -13/3 and you will see that  the left-hand side of the equation does, in fact, equal the right-hand side. Therefore, C is the correct answer. Basically, we approximated the answer choices we were given  and shortlisted the one that gave us very close values. We checked for that and found that it is the answer. We can also solve this question using pure algebra (taking positive and negative signs of absolute values) but in my opinion, the holistic Method 1 is almost always better than that. Out of the two methods discussed above, you can pick the one you like better, but note that Method 2 does have  limited applications only if you are given the actual values of x, can you use  it. Method 1 is far more generic for absolute value questions. Getting ready to take the GMAT? We have  free online GMAT seminars  running all the time. And, be sure to follow us on  Facebook,  YouTube,  Google+, and  Twitter! Karishma, a Computer Engineer with a keen interest in alternative Mathematical approaches, has mentored students in the continents of Asia, Europe and North America. She teaches the  GMAT  for Veritas Prep and regularly participates in content development projects such as this blog!

The Legendary Invention of Silk

Is the fabric known as silk 7000 years old? Did people wear it from as long ago as 5000 B.C. -- before civilization began at Sumer and before Egyptians built the Great Pyramid? If silkworm cultivation or sericulture is as much as seven millennia old -- as the Silk Road Foundation says it may be -- the chances are poor that we will ever know exactly who invented it. What we can learn is what the descendants of the people who discovered silk wrote about it and what their legends say about the origins of processing silk. Although there are other stories and variations, the basic legend credits an early Chinese empress. She is said to have: 1. Cultivated the silk-producing caterpillar (Bombyx mori).2. Fed the silkworm the mulberry leaf that was discovered to be the best food -- at least for those interested in producing the best silk.3. Invented the loom to weave the fiber. Raising Silk On its own, the silkworm larva produces a single, several hundred-yard-strand of silk, which it breaks as it emerges as a moth from its cocoon, leaving residue all over the trees. In preference to gathering the tangled silk caught in the trees, the Chinese learned to raise the silkworms on a fattening diet of the leaves of carefully cultivated mulberry trees. They also learned to watch the development of the cocoons so they could kill the chrysalis by plunging it in boiling water just before its time. This method ensures the full length of silk strands. The boiling water also softens the sticky protein holding together the silk [Grotenhuis]. (The process of pulling out the strand of silk from the water and cocoon in known as reeling.) The thread is then woven into beautiful clothing.   Who Was the Lady Hsi-ling? The main source for this article is Dieter Kuhn, Professor, and Chair of Chinese Studies, University of Wà ¼rzburg. He wrote Tracing a Chinese Legend: In Search of the Identity of the First Sericulturalist for Toung Pao, an international journal of sinology. In this article, Kuhn looks at what the Chinese sources say about the legend of the invention of silk and describes the presentation of silk manufactures invention across the dynasties. He makes note of the contribution of the lady of Hsi-ling in particular. She was the principal wife of Huangdi, who is better known as the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor (Huangdi or Huang-ti, where Huang is the same word we translate as Yellow when used in connection with the great Chinese Yellow River, and ti is the name of an important god that is used in the names of kings, conventionally translated emperor) is a legendary Neolithic era ruler and ancestor of the Chinese people, with almost godlike proportions. Huangdi is said to have lived in the third millennium B.C. for 100-118 years, during which he is credited with giving numerous gifts to the Chinese people, including the magnetic compass, and sometimes including silk. The principal wife of the Yellow Emperor, the lady of Hsi-ling (also known as Xi Ling-Shi, Lei-Tsu, or Xilingshi), is, like her husband, credited with discovering silk. The lady of Hsi-ling is also credited with figuring out how to reel silk and inventing what people needed to make clothing from the silk -- the loom, according to the Shih-Chi Record of the Historian. Ultimately, the confusion seems to remain, but the upper hand is given the empress. The Yellow Emperor, who was honored as the First Sericulturalist during the Northern Chi Period (c. A.D. 550 - c. 580), may be the male figure depicted in later art as a patron saint of sericulture. The lady Hsi-ling is more often called the First Sericulturalist. Although she had been worshiped and held a position in the Chinese pantheon since the Northern Chou Dynasty (557-581), her official position as the personification of the First Sericulturalist with a divine seat and altar only came in 1742. Silk Clothing Altered the Chinese Division of Labor One could speculate, as Kuhn does, that the job of making fabric was womens work and that therefore the associations were made with the empress, rather than her husband, even if he had been the first sericulturalist. The Yellow Emperor may have invented the methods of producing silk, while the lady Hsi-ling was responsible for the discovery of silk itself. This legendary discovery, reminiscent of the story of the discovery of actual tea in China, involves falling into an anachronistic cup of tea.   Chinese scholarship from the seventh century A.D. says that before the Yellow Emperor, clothing was made of bird (feathers can protect against water and down is, of course, an insulating material) and animal skin, but the supply of animals didnt keep up with demand. The Yellow Emperor decreed that clothing should be made of silk and hemp. In this version of the legend, it is Huangdi (actually, one of his officials named Po Yu), not the lady of Hsi-ling who invented all fabrics, including silk, and also, according to legend from the Han Dynasty, the loom. Again, if looking for a rationale for the contradiction based on the division of labor and gender roles: hunting would not have been a domestic pursuit, but the province of the men, so when clothing changed from skins to cloth, it made sense that it would have changed the storied gender of the maker. Evidence of 5 Millennia of Silk Not quite the full seven, but five millennia puts it more in line with important major developments elsewhere, so it is more easily believed. Archaeological evidence reveals that silk existed in China as far back as around 2750 B.C., which puts it, coincidentally according to Kuhn, close to the dates of the Yellow Emperor and his wife. Shang Dynasty oracle bones show evidence of silk production. Silk was also in the Indus Valley from the third millennium B.C., according to New Evidence for Silk in the Indus Valley, which says copper-alloy ornaments and steatite beads have yielded silk fibers upon microscopic examination. As an aside, the article says this raises the question of whether China really had exclusive control of silk. A Silken Economy The importance of silk to China probably cant be exaggerated: the exceptionally long and strong filament clothed a vast Chinese population, helped support the bureaucracy by being used as a precursor to paper (2nd century B.C.) [Hoernle] and to pay taxes [Grotenhuis], and led to commerce with the rest of the world. Sumptuary laws regulated the wearing of fancy silks and embroidered, patterned silks became status symbols from the Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties (2nd century B.C. to 6th century A.D.). How the Secret of Silk Leaked Out The Chinese guarded its secret carefully and successfully for centuries, according to tradition. It was only in the 5th century A.D. that silk eggs and mulberry seeds were, according to legend, smuggled out in an elaborate headdress by a Chinese princess when she went to her groom, the king of Khotan, in Central Asia. A century later they were smuggled by monks into the Byzantine Empire, according to the Byzantine historian Procopius. Silk Worship Patron saints of sericulture were honored with life-size statues and rites; in the Han period, the silkworm goddess was personified, and in Han and Sung periods, the empress performed a silk ceremony. The empress helped with the gathering of the mulberry leaves necessary for the best silk, and the sacrifices of pig and sheep that were made to the First Sericulturalist who may or may not have been the lady of Hsi-ling. By the 3rd century, there was a silkworm palace which the empress supervised. Legends of the Discovery of Silk There is a fanciful legend about the discovery of silk, a love story about a betrayed and murdered magic horse, and his lover, a woman transformed into a silkworm; the threads becoming feelings. Liu recounts a version, recorded by Tsui Pao in his 4th century A.D. Ku Ching Chu (Antiquarian Researches), where the horse is betrayed by the father and his daughter who promised to marry the horse. After the horse was ambushed, killed, and skinned, the hide wrapped up the girl and flew away with her. It was found in a tree and brought home, where some time later the girl had been transformed into a moth. There is also a fairly pedestrian story of how silk was actually discovered -- the cocoon, thought to be fruit, wouldnt soften when boiled, so the would-be diners got their aggression out by beating it with sticks until the filament emerged. Sericulture References: The Silkworm and Chinese Culture, by Gaines K. C. Liu; Osiris, Vol. 10, (1952), pp. 129-194 Tracing a Chinese Legend: In Search of the Identity of the First Sericulturalist, by Dieter Kuhn; Toung Pao Second Series, Vol. 70, Livr. 4/5 (1984), pp. 213-245. Spices and Silk: Aspects of World Trade in the First Seven Centuries of the Christian Era, by Michael Loewe; The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland No. 2 (1971), pp. 166-179. Stories of Silk and Paper, by Elizabeth Ten Grotenhuis; World Literature Today; Vol. 80, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug. 2006), pp. 10-12. Silks and Religions in Eurasia, C. A.D. 600-1200, by Liu Xinru; Journal of World History Vol. 6, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 25-48. Who Was the Inventor of Rag-Paper? by A. F. Rudolf Hoernle; The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Oct. 1903), pp. 663-684.

5 Ways to Distinguish Reptiles From Amphibians and Fish

Utilitarianism A Man Named Joe Is Dying Of Aids

Dan Simons Ethics Mill Paper 10/28/14 Utilitarianism The Topic that is have chosen is Topic #1 which is â€Å"What is utilitarianism? Suppose a man named Joe is dying of AIDS. He requests that his doctor prescribe him a lethal dose of medication in order to end his life now, before the worst suffering from AIDS begins. His family objects to this. How would Mill advise the doctor? What sort of questions would he ask? What facts would be relevant to evaluating the case and why would they be relevant?† in the following I will be presenting what utilitarianism is, how Mill would advise the doctor, and why he would advise the doctor, and what evidence would he use to persuade the doctor. Along with what the difference is between act and rule†¦show more content†¦Gay’s belief was that God had created humans to be happy, and that his will is that humans are to be happy. Bentham expanded upon these ideas. Bentham introduced the idea of the Hedonic Calculus, which is meant to determine the value of bot h pleasures, and pains. Mill then further defined utilitarianism by the quality of the utility rather than the quantity of it. He argued that intellectual (higher) pleasures where better than physical (lower) pleasures. Mill argues that pleasures aren’t to be considered happiness, and that they are a means to an end known as Virtue, which in the beginning wasn’t the end, however it can become so. The idea of ideal utilitarianism brought into light by G.E. Moore who goes into depth of what ideal utilitarianism means. G.E. Moore suggests that hedonistic utilitarianism was not ideal, however that there are ranging ideas, and values that could be maximized. Moore argues that is impossible for pleasure to be the only measure of what is ideal. These values although all come from different backgrounds, and have different theories argue that what benefits society are moral actions, which will cause happiness. Though some actions maybe considered immoral for some others they ar e considered moral such as mercy killing. Consider the following, a man by the name of Joe is dying of Aids, due to the severity of his condition he asked his doctor to give him a lethal dose of

Essay on The Importance of a Charismatic Leader - 2343 Words

The role of the charismatic leader in the emergence of a new society has been frequently commented on from within the studies of sociology and world leadership. The charismatic leader is unique, in the sense that the authority that the leader possesses is largely based on the individual traits of the leader, and his or her ability to maintain support from followers. As a result, the charisma of a leader is many times not enough to ensure a long lasting stabilized society. Max Weber has suggested in his study of leadership and authority, a process known as the routinization of charisma must take place in order for a movement or message to continue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of the routinization of charisma and†¦show more content†¦Authority is transferred from the charismatic leader into the newly established institutional framework of a new regime, which allows the system to become stable and viable. While this process may signal a diminishing role and importance of the charismatic leader, the initial bond between the leader and his disciples is not broken. This process simply allows for charismatic authority to no longer be the dominant mode in which leaders garner their legitimacy. Instead, charisma is transformed and essentially incorporated into a permanent political structure or established traditions present in society. This is Weber’s process of the routinization of charisma but as the transference of authority form Lenin to Stalin demonstrates, this process is susceptible to other possible outcomes. A discussion on the rise of the Soviet Union must first begin with looking at the immense role played by Vladimir Lenin. After the conclusion of the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin enjoyed a form of legitimacy stemming from the zeal produced during the revolutionary period. Similar to other charismatic leaders, it was Lenin’s consummate political skill, his ability to seize opportunities, and the scruples of the provisional government, which allowed him to gain control of the Russian state. Once this occurred, he helped establish a set of structures such as the Russian Central Committee and the Politburo, which wouldShow MoreRelatedHuman Leadership: The Importance of Charismatic Leaders in an Organization950 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I was trying to only gain points and was not concerned about other people in the game. I realised that I was a manager rather than a leader. I had only the managerial skills and not the leadership abilities. I was rejecting people who approa ched me to form a group by accepting their status quo. From the table below it clearly shows the difference between a leader and manager. 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Auditng and Assurance Standards Professional Accountants

Questions: 1. The following are a number of different situations where there may be violations of the ethical principles .You are asked to state whether there has been a violation of the Accountants Code of Ethics and state which ethical principle has been violated briefly providing a reason for your opinion: (a) Peter Harmon , professional accountant, does the bookkeeping, prepares the tax returns and provides various management services for Bunker L td .When providing these services it frequently advises its clients to buy its computer equipment from Computer Services Ltd. Computer Services has agreed to pay Harmon a 10% commission if the referral leads to sales for Computer Services . (b)David Smith ,an auditor ,was asked by Allied Insurance,for its help in finding clients. David Smith subsequently referred ten clients to the insurance company without letting them know. (c) Wrench and company,Chartered Accountants,keeps details of its clients in its computer records at its office .Since i t also has time available it will allow its clients to use its computers if they requirethem.If necessary Wrench will arrange for members of its staff,mainly administration but sometimes from the audit branch to assist with the input of data for these clients.The staff from the Audit section can be involved in the audit of clients, depending upon the Audit Partners requirements. (d)Stephanie Barry has an audit client,Williams Pty Ltd ,which uses another public accountant forits management services work. Barry sends her firms literature regarding its management services capabilities to Williams on a monthly basis,unsolicited . 2. Indicate the type of opinion that should be expressed in each of the following situations,providing reasons for your choice. (c) Management have excluded from the financial report the necessary disclosures in relation toa contingent liability .If this becomes an actual liability it will have a material effect on the financial report. (d) A significant proportion of a retailers sales are on a cash basis and inadequate records have been maintained. There are no audit tests that can be done to assure yourself that cash sales are accurate. (e)You have been asked to do the audit for a new client this financial year .While you are satisfied that there appears to be no material misstatements for the information during the current financial year the client will not provide any information about the opening balances of accounts at the start of the financial year. (f) You have just started auditing the financial statements of a client which has not been followingthe Australian Accounting Standards since it began operating five years ago. Answers: 1. a) APES 110, Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants clearly states in Section 240 that an auditor has full rights to enter into an arrangement with any dealer or such other shop keeper wherein he would be entitled to receive a referral fee if any of his recommended clients buy something from them. However the same is acceptable only once it is disclosed to the concerned client about such an arrangement mentioning the details about the dealer and the calculation of such a fee (APESB, 2010). Therefore in this case Peter Harmon is said to have violated the APES 110 as he had not informed the client about his agreement with Computer Services Limited. b) An auditor is expected to maintain confidentiality in his conduct. It is a pre-requisite of the said profession and hence giving away details about the client to any third party be it an insurance company also should be done after prior consent form the client (cpaaustralia.com., 2014). Therefore in this case David had not taken any assent from the client and forwarded their contacts to Allied Insurance which was in contravention to the ethical code of conduct which details about maintenance of secrecy of client data. c) A professional is entitled to perform one task at a time i.e. either audit or non-audit. Simple reason behind the same is the maintenance of independence. An auditors profession requires him to be independent and unbiased in his conduct and performing those two tasks of the client would be contradicting the same (Causholli et.al. 2015),. However if the auditor takes due permission from the client for doing both the tasks then the same is allowable but at the same time the work has to be again checked by another auditor of the same firm so as to be doubly sure about the maintenance of integrity and objectivity. Thus the auditing staff can do the book keeping work as well but only after getting due permission from the client. d) The fundamental principles of the auditing profession clearly mentions that an auditor can advertise his professional work but in a certain specific manner so that it does not bring any kind of disregard to the profession. On critically understanding the said case it is concluded that the performance of Barry is unethical and that he has not complied with the basic principles of professionalism by sending the management services to the client without is assent just to snatch away the work being performed by other auditor(ethicsboard.org., 2012). Therefore Stephanie Barrys act brings disrepute to the auditing profession. 2. c) Liabilities which are reflected at the bottom of the line of balance sheet are contingent liabilities and they are an inseparable part of the financial statements. They generally show the liability that may arise in future and is materialistic in nature to the extent that it would have a major financial impact on the company. Thus its disclosure is a must since the investors and the other users of the financial statements take decisions with regards their investments basis the financial statements and this item also is a contributor to the same (aasb.gov.au., 2011). Therefore an auditor should ensure that such contingent liabilities should be adequately disclosed and if not then an adverse opinion should be given. Hence in this scenario since the management has excluded the disclosure of the said liability, the auditor is to give a qualified audit report. d) Maintaining books of accounts is a must for all entities even if it conducts its major part of sales in cash. If the books of accounts are not prepared in a timely manner then the same would be impossible for the auditor to conduct the audit. Thus in the present scenario the auditor will not be able to commence his work of audit at all thus would not be able to give any opinion as such. e) Verification of opening balances is one of the main stages of an audit and the first as well. Without verifying last years closing balances it would difficult to decide upon the correctness of balances since if the opening balances are incorrect then it would show an incorrect account balance at the end of the present year as well and the same would be carried forward year on year basis. Thus even if the client does not permit the auditor to verify the same, he should take all steps to try to assure himself about the sanctity of the opening balances. Further to this even if the auditor is able to verify the same, he should give a negative opinion just to safeguard himself against any future legalities. f) It is a compulsion for all the entities which are registered in Australia to maintain their financial statements as per the Australian Accounting Standards. However, if any company does not maintain so then the auditor should ask the company to again prepare the books of accounts as per the said standards (aasb.gov.au. 2012). Even after intimation if the Company does not then the auditor should give a qualified report stating the said fact. References APESB, (2010), APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf aasb.gov.au., (2011), AASB 137 -Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB137_07-04_COMPoct10_01-11.pdf aasb.gov.au., (2012), AASB 101- Presentation of Financial Statements, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_09-07_COMPsep11_07-12.pdf Causholli,M., Chambers, D.J., Payne, J.L., (2015), Does Selling Non-Audit Services Impair Auditor Independence ? New Research Says, yes, American Accounting Association, vol.9, no.2, pp. 1-6 cpaaustralia.com., (2014), An Overview of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, Available at https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ethics/an-overview-of-apes-110-code-of-ethics.pdf (Accessed 29th January 2017) ethicsboard.org., (2012), Revised Code of Ethics Completed, Available at https://www.ethicsboard.org/projects/revised-code-ethics-completed (Accessed 29th January 2017)

Democracy in Germany free essay sample

The collapse of the democracy in Germany between 1928 and 1934 was not contributed by one single event but by a wide ranging, and large number of factors, making it vulnerable to sudden shock. In some ways, the complexity of contributing factors to the collapse of democracy can be depended on the shaky foundations, lack of a democratic tradition and flaws within the constitution. Like the article 48, it created opportunities for the corrupt high commands to abuse the democratic authority, the appointment of Chancellor Bruning would be one of the early examples to the failing democratic situation in Germany. Follow by many other issues such as the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depsression. Germany changed from a true representative democracy to the extreme dictatorship, Nazis totalitarian state. In general, the appointment of Hitler as chancellor signified the end of republic and democracy in Germany. But now, the question is, how did Hitler manage to gain his position of chancellorship? The answer focuses on the economic situation in the world during that period of time. The whole world was suffering from the Great Depression, which brought financial crisis to many countries including the U.S who Germany depended heavily on their loans to pay the reparation payments. This meant more unemployment and failing living standards to the German people. In many ways this was achieved by the policies of Bruning’s government as he managed to establish an absolutely balanced budget to avoid inflation, by raising taxes, cutting expanded charges, and reducing wages. This shows to us how the weak chancellor and the government were unable to solve difficult issues effectively. This was partly due to the lack of a democratic tradition within Germany.The high commands were not familiar with the representative system and then, more problems kept coming, people kept losing their confidence to the Republic. And this is one of the many elements that contributed to the collapse of Democracy. Moreover, many of them had never accepted the idea of a republic and were still thinking of Germany’s past glories, along with the previous humiliation brought by the Treaty of Versailles such as the loss of territories, the reparation payments and the war guilt clause, people doubted the ability of the Republic.Now, the economic hardship seeme d to be proving it right and they lost their confidence to the Democratic system. This opened a gap for Hitler to get in, and to argue about how bad the republic was. The historian William Shirer believed â€Å"Rather it gave men like Hitler the opportunity to take advantage of misfortune. Hitler would be able to use this time of misfortune, not from any concern about the plight of the German people but purely as a means to further his political progress†.Therefore, the Great Depression gave Hitler the opportunity to take advantage of a time of hardship facing the republic to tell the German people that the NSDAP would be able to help the country to get through all the difficulties. This led to the increase of support towards the Nazis and paved the way for their success, and of course, the failure of democracy in Germany. It is also important to look at Hitler and his Nazi party itself, to discover what he had done in gaining his position.When Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933, he swore to uphold the constitution, and would co-orporate with the gove rnment. This fooled the president and Papen and many others who thought that Hitler was actually under their own control, however, they didn’t realize that they had actually underestimated Hitler. Moreover, the flaws of the constitution gave Hitler a chance to do what he wanted. The Article 48 which was designed to protect the constitution in case of dangers was one of the most useful tools for Hitler to exploit the Republic as he was able to use the constitution to change the constitution.This was one example of how Hitler himself tried to gain his position successfully and finally led to the rise of his party with the help of the weakness of the constitution. Another example of these was the proposal of the Enabling Act which gave Hitler the power to issue law without the approval of the Reichstag. This was originally designed to be used for 4 years. However, Hitler had never given up on using this in implementing his extreme personal dictatorship. Now, at this stage, we can say that Hitler and his Nazi Party was already able to do whatever they wanted to the country because they had the power of the Enabling Act.This meant that at least at the political level, Hitler had become the greatest power and the Democratic system had suffered large scale destruction already. To establish his (Hitler) absolute power, Hitler used propaganda to try to create an element of mass support in the country in order to strengthen his position against both his political opponents and the president, and by using this tactic, Hitler showed to the German people that they never claimed to represent only one class. People were attracted by the idealism of the movement and the hope of a better Germany.Because of this, his government was projected as a government of national revival. On the other hand, he used force to fight against his political and social opponents, particularly the communists. In an intimidation against the communists and others on the left politics, the Reichstag building in Berlin was burnt down. It gave Hitler an excellent chance to unify the government and to ban the communist party by the declaration of the decree for the protection of people and state. This took away all the basic rights from the German.Again, article 48 was used. This reveals that if there wasn’t such a power, those democratic opponents such as Hitler wouldn’t have the chance to do what they wanted. And again, this became one of the reasons contributed to the fall of democracy. On 21 March 1933, Hitler presented the Nazis and himself as the legitimate government and heir to previous periods in German history, the first Reichstag of the third Reich was opened. ‘Hitler would open the new Reichstag, which he was about to destroy’ (William Shirer). It gives us a clear idea that this third Reich, was leading Germany to go backwards, a direction which was opposite to democracy, and it signified that Hitler was destroying the Reichstag, by implementing his new â€Å"Reichstag†. Finally, Hitler seized control over the civil service, the trade unions, and most importantly, the end of political parties, gives us an idea of the dead democracy and the dramatic growing of his own dictatorship as there was no opponents existed anymore. By this moment, Hitler had already have control over the whole nation, the government, the German people. The feeling of a great change which had affected people vaguely when Hitler entered government now overcame wider and wider sections of the population†¦The past was dead. The future, it seemed, belonged to the regime. ’ From the German historian Joachim Fest (J. Fest, Hitler, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London 1973 p 415) These words by the historian Joachim Fest proves the above argume nts about Hitler’s seizure of power, and his successes on implementing his dictatorship were true. And now, by discussing the wide range of factors contributed to the failure of German democracy, we have seen how it was failed from the inside and from the outside. All the events had an effect on defeating the democracy in Germany step by step and finally, a dictatorship came to power, and the republic died. And this is the failure of democracy in Germany in the period between 1928 and 1934. References: W. Shirer, The rise and fall of the third Reich, Pan books, London, 1964, P. 246 J. Fest, Hitler, Weidenfeld Nicolson, London, 1973, p. 415 W. Shirer, The rise and fall of the third Reich, Pan books, 1960, p. 235

Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca Essay Example

Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca Paper Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, is set in early 20th century Mexico, while The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca, is set in 1930s Spain. Both works delineate the roles of women, as well as the barriers created because of their social and familial situations, which define their experiences. Mama Elena and Bernarda Alba are the symbolic matriarchs, and Rosaura and Angustias symbolize the zealous followers of the conservative family traditions, and Maria Josefa and Morning Light are the knowing elderly. However, in spite of their differences, all of the women experience some form of alienation: psychological, physical, or alienation from the wider community. In the works, figurative barriers created by keys, doors and locks underscore the important element of alienation, which is produced partially by the womens actual or intended perpetuation of conservative family traditions. Consequently, in both texts alienation is self-perpetuating, and finds its source within the family as much as outside it. Maria Josefa in The House of Bernarda Alba and the Morning Light in Like Water for Chocolate are symbols of wisdom. The attempted psychological alienation of Maria Josefa and Morning Light is amplified by the recurring motif of literal and figurative keys, locks, or walls although, ironically, none proves totally effective. In the opening scene of The House of Bernarda Alba, Poncia ensures that Maria Josefa is locked up tight with the crossbar up too, for Shes got the fingers of a lock-picker (Pg. 158). Maria Josefas incarceration prefigures what will happen to the young women in Bernardas house. She also mirrors the genuine feelings of the daughters. We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is conveyed when Maria Josefa sardonically describes the daughters as single women, longing for marriage, turning their hearts into dust (Pg. 175). She proclaims the truth to the daughters that not a one of you is going to marry-not a one (Pg. 175), thus articulates the alienation from normal social relations that they will all suffer. The indirect allusion to doors and walls underscores the imprisonment, confinement and censorship in the house. Such barriers are however, somewhat permeable, as Maria Josefa is still able to communicate her thoughts both cryptically and offensively. In a less tangible sense, the allusion to doors and walls emphasizes the emotional alienation between characters in the house, for their feelings or thoughts are not able to be voiced nor shared. Maria Josefa, with her lock picker fingers, does escape but not for long. Her attempts signify how repressed emotions challenge door and walls. Josefas failure relates to the climax, as well as portends the tragedy of Adelas suicide in Act ?. In Act ? , Adela thinks Pepe, her only means of escape, is demolished. As a result, she commits the ultimate act of self-alienation- suicide, for without Pepe she can no longer achieve her dreams and desires. Antagonists in Like Water for Chocolate also alienate Morning Lights wisdom by figurative and literal barriers. Morning Lights Indian blood prohibits her from enjoying equality in Johns Yankee family. As a result, she and her wisdom are confined in this room at the back of the house which Johns grandfather has built (pg. 100). The walls of this room at the back of the house (pg. 100) reinforce the idea of emotional alienation of Morning Light from the others. These walls are an allusion to social barriers, for Morning Light is alienated because of stereotypical perceptions that Indians are subservient to Yankees. Ironically, the barriers fail to sequester the wisdom of Morning Light. She heals her father-in-law with her magic healing power. Her eccentric way of singing strange melodies, applying curing herbs, and her wreathing in the smoke of copal and incense she burned (pg. 102) finally receives appreciation; and the wisdom of a native Indian previously overlooked due to prejudice, is recognized for the first time. It is also interesting that other momentous events in Like Water For Chocolate tend to take place in rooms and compartments separated from the main body of the house, e. g. the shower, the kitchen, the room where Tita and Pedro consummate their love and passion. Apart from walls, doors are another example of figurative barriers that evoke emotional alienation of characters in the houses, in addition to imposing physical alienation on the characters. In Like Water For Chocolate, a door causes the dark room to be disembodied from the main house. The room, where Tita and Pedro consummate their love, is dark. This suggests their love is clandestine. It also suggests their love is likely to be suppressed by figurative barriers imposed by the wider community. As Pedro slipped silently into the room behind her and shut the door (pg. 144), he attains the private space required for Tita and his delight. The closing of the door completes the sense of enclosure, effectively alienating the passion of the protagonists from outsiders. In this instance, the alienation transforms into a positive and desirable one. Yet, if the protagonists are caught they will become social outcasts and suffer a different kind of self-imposed alienation, and Pedro has not got the courage to risk it. In direct contrast, the effect of the doors as social and psychological barriers is suggested when Rosaura is confined in her room. She is alienated from the truth and passion of Tita and Pedros affair, for she does not have the potential to light her own box of matches. She experiences things from a distance; she sees the ghostly light from the other room, she is in her bedroom, trying to put her daughter to sleep (pg. 44). Sadly, the bedroom is a lonely place for her, and she is not particularly a good mother. In House of Bernarda Alba, the doors and walls literally block people from witnessing Adela and Pepes illicit love affair. Ironically, these barriers do not prevent the antagonists from figuratively, perceiving the truth, just as doors cannot halt the passion from penetrating a house that is supposedly decent. The domination of Pepe over Adela is so profound that there is no actual resistance. Adela confirms Pepes control over her as she proclaims that no one but Pepe commands me! (pg. 209). Unfortunately Bernardas persists on perpetuating the family tradition, so that Adelas love for Pepe cannot continue. Adelas suicide is the ultimate act of self-alienation. Lorca and Esquivel have figurative barriers like keys and locks to underscore the alienation of characters from the wider community. The stallion in the House of Bernarda Alba is an allusion to the innate desires of the daughters, which are particularly expressed by Adela. The animal yearns to be untethered, but is unfortunatel y locked up by Bernarda, the key holder. Like the daughters, the stallion strives to escape the confined space that is in this case, the corral, in order to attain freedom. The stallions drive is conveyed as he kicks against the wall of the house (pg. 197). The sound is so pervasive and disturbing that Prudencia declares she quivered in her chest (pg. 197). Angustias engagement ring is a figurative barrier as well as key to understanding some of the plays emotions and meanings. Engagement rings are traditionally symbols of commitment, and represent the covenant of love. The passion within Angustias waits to be unlocked, and the love of Pepe, symbolized by the ring, is the key to it. But traditionally a ring signified tears(pg. 198). This foreshadows Angustias misery and distance from the happiness of a marriage, imposed by this figurative barrier. Figurative keys and locks inform Like Water for Chocolate. Titas ardent emotions, like matches, are held within a figurative matchbox. Pedros making love to her acts as the key, which unlocks and releases her passion. The unlocking of emotions is so potent that it creates a brightness that shines far beyond our normal vision. (pg. 19). A splendid tunnel then appears that shows us the way that we forgot when we were born and calls us to recover our lost divine origin. (pg. 220). The long-desired love between Tita and Pedro is finally consummated, as their ultimate act of self-alienation by death allows them to break off all barriers and constraints. Esquivel and Lorca have figurative barriers such as keys, doors and locks to highlight the psychological, physical alienation, as well as the alienation of the characters. Under conservative family traditions, desires and dreams of protagonists like Adela and Tita are difficult to attain. The actual or intended perpetuation of traditions by matriarchs like Bernarda Alba and Mama Elena exacerbates the suppression. The protagonists, Adela and Tita choose death as the ultimate act of self-alienation. However, the consequences of their deaths are different. Since the situation for Adela has become too much to bear, she retreats to self-destruction. Her search for fulfillment is therefore an ugly failure. In contrast, with death, Tita and Pedro are able to defy all constraints and consummate their love. As a result, their search for fulfillment is a success- they do open locks and penetrate barriers.

Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program Essay Sample

Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program Essay SampleThe Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program is an incredible opportunity for anyone who is serious about their education. However, it can be difficult to create a comprehensive, professional written essay that will effectively demonstrate your passion for law. By taking the time to consider the Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample below, you will be able to prepare a well-crafted essay that will encourage a particular group of admissions officers to interview you.To gain access to the application form, you should first go to the University of California, Berkeley website and register for the next semester. You will then be directed to the section where you will be required to complete the application. The essay sample provides you with the basic formatting guidelines for the application form. Once you have finished filling out the form, you will be able to take advantage of the generous scholarship off er.To be considered for this scholarship, you must meet the following requirements: be under the age of 18 and be a US citizen; have an outstanding academic potential; have never attended a four-year college or university; and possess a valid social security number. You will also need to provide a summary of your school experience. Students are encouraged to share specific achievements from their high school years. You will also need to show that you have a personal commitment to public service. In order to earn this scholarship, you will need to be self-motivated and possess exceptional writing skills.The Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample includes four sample essays, each of which contains different unique writing styles. The first example consists of a 'Standard Essay,' which is a standardized way to explain the reasons for why you deserve the financial assistance and has been known to be very successful. The second example is a 'Research Essay,' which util izes specific examples to show students how they can explain their scholarly achievements and whether they are worthy of the opportunity. The third and fourth examples, 'Foundational Essays'Drafting Essays,' use the same format to illustrate different aspects of the admissions process.Some students may find it difficult to get through the Berkeley admissions process without a clear idea of what is expected of them. The Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample provides students with written instructions on what to include in the application. It will help to review these instructions prior to completing the form so that you can be sure you understand the eligibility requirements.The first paragraph of the essay must include a clearly stated objective of the student and must use words that convey urgency. This needs to be a long and detailed statement, as it can make or break the acceptance of the student.The introductory paragraph should include the student's name, th e type of scholarship that he or she has received, and the date the essay was submitted. The next section of the essay should discuss how the student's experience and talents can benefit the law school community.The second paragraph of the essay should describe the student's strengths, passions, and skills. The second paragraph should be somewhat less detailed than the first one and should describe the student's personality traits.

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity Free Online Research Papers There are reasons to expect a favorable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. This is expected to occur through several channels: (a) Import liberalization will provide to industrial firms greater and cheaper access to imported capital goods and intermediate goods (embodying advanced technology), which will enable the firms improve their productivity performance; (b) Greater availability of imported intermediate goods will enable the firms to exploit better the productivity enhancing potential of imported technology; (c) The increased competitive pressure on industrial units in a liberalized import regime will force them to be more efficient in the use of resources (which can be achieved through better organization of production, improved managerial efficiency, more effective utilization of labour, better capacity utilization, etc.); (d) The increased competitive pressure coupled with expanded opportunities for importing technology and capital goods will bring greater technological dynamism in industrial firms; (e) As the competitive business environment forces inefficient firms to close down, the average level of efficiency of various industries should improve; (f) Greater access to imported inputs and a more realistic exchange rate associated with a liberalized trade regime would enable industrial firms compete more effectively in export markets. This would allow them to increase their sales and reap economies of scale with concomitant gains in productivity. Evidently, there are persuasive theoretical arguments for contemplating a positive effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. However, this view or hypothesis does not have a strong empirical support. There have been a number of empirical studies for developing countries, including the countries of Asia, in which econometric models have been estimated to assess the effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Some of them have found a significant favourable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. But, some have found no significant effect, while some others have found an adverse effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Thus, on the whole, the empirical evidence on the relationship between import liberalization and industrial productivity in developing countries is mixed and no definite conclusion can be drawn. As regards Indian industry, there are two recent studies, which have examined the effect of economic refo rms on industrial productivity. These are by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, Pushpangadan and Suresh Babu (2000). Both studies have used firm- level data taken from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. Also, there is similarity in the method of econometric analysis applied in the two studies. But, the studies come up with conflicting results. Krishna and Mitra find evidence of a significant favourable effect of reforms on indus trial productivity. Balakrishanan et al., on the other hand, find an adverse effect of economic reforms on industrial productivity. One serious limitation of both studies is that they have not used explicit trade liberalization variables in the econometric model estimated. Rather, a dummy variable approach has been taken to distinguish between the pre- and post-reform periods. This study differs from the studies undertaken by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, et al. (2000) in several respects. The analysis of productivity is undertaken at the industry- level rather than at the firm- level. The source of data is also different.More important, an attempt is made here to incorporate explicitly variables representing trade liberalization in the econometric model estimated. Research Papers on Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial ProductivityDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office System

Albert Camus Essay Example for Free (#2)

Albert Camus Essay ? How Aschenbach and Meursault in Death in Venice and The Stranger respectively, are driven by mind initially then change to being driven by the heart as the result of a key event In both The Stranger and Death in Venice, the characters change as the book progresses. There is mainly one action that sparks this drastic change. In The Stranger, this action is the murder of Raymond’s mistress’ brother, and in Death in Venice this critical moment occurs when Aschenbach has the sudden urge to travel. Aschenbach and Meursault are both characters that move from one extreme to the other. They begin as characters who make decisions based solely on what their mind tells them. As the novel develops, these characters move to the other extreme, which is making decisions based solely on what their heart tells them. This transition from extreme logical thinking to extreme emotional thinking is what leads to the downfall of both Aschenbach and Meursault. As the novel begins, Thomas Mann introduces Aschenbach as a fairly likable German writer. Initially the reader sees Aschenbach as a normal character anyone can relate to. He lives a very stable life, and has never traveled before. Aschenbach is a character who is extremely involved in his work and one who organizes his entire life based on how he can best achieve quality in his work. At this point in the novel Aschenbach makes all his decisions using his mind rather than his heart. While taking a stroll, Aschenbach sees a man with red hair as well as long teeth. It is this man that pushes his mind in to traveling. Aschenbach begins to change as soon as he sets his mind to travel. In his daydream regarding his adventure he envisions a â€Å"†¦ landscape, a tropical swampy region under a vapor-laden sky, damp, luxuriant and uncanny; it was like the portrait of a primitive world of islands morasses and slit-laden rivers† (pg 3, Mann). The symbol of Aschenbach’s departure on this journey is the sign of the beginning of his decline. It is from this point on that Aschenbach transforms from being a normal man who makes logical decisions with is brain, to one that makes decisions with his heart. As Aschenbach’s journey progresses, he notices many men with red hair and long white teeth like the one that inspired him to travel. This shows the constant rapid declining of Aschenbach. His first sight of Tadzio in the hotel marks the beginning of the extreme heart-driven Aschenbach. His description of Tadzio clearly portrays his obsession. â€Å"With astonishment Aschenbach observed that the boy was perfectly beautiful. His face, pale and charmingly secretive with the honey-colored hair curling around it, with its straight-sloping nose, its lovely mouth and its expression of sweet and divine earnestness recalled Greek statues of the noblest period, and, along with its extremely pure perfection of form, it was of such unique personal charm that the onlooker thought he had never come across anything so felicitous either in nature or in art† (pg 20, Mann). Once Aschenbach begins to follow Tadzio’s every step, the reader notices that Aschenbach is becoming more and more indulged in Tadzio’s life rather than his own. â€Å"His head and his heart were drunk, and his steps followed the dictates of that dark god whose pleasure it is to trample man’s reason and dignity underfoot†. Even when Aschenbach learns of an epidemic, he realizes that if he dies along with Tadzio, they will be able to meet in heaven. Aschenbach loses total control of his mind and gives in to Venice, a â€Å"city, half fairy tale and half tourist trap, in whose insalubrious air the arts once rankly and voluptuously blossomed, where composers have been inspired to lulling tones of somniferous eroticism. † Even when given the opportunity to leave Venice and escape cholera, his love for Tadzio weighs him down. Aschenbach then has fantasies about everyone else dying, and him being left alone with Tadzio. Now it can be clearly seen that Aschenbach’s passion is coming directly from the heart, and no thinking is being done on his part. This extreme obsession from Aschenbach’s heart immediately leads to his downfall. He dies in his chair, and it is hours before anyone notices. Albert Camus introduces Meursault as a character people are quite taken aback by. Albert Camus. (2017, Oct 02).

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art - Essay Example Since God chose Moses, the Israelites complain and requests to Moses in order to get blessing and favor from God. The interactions in the passage reflect on the common faithful, priests and deities in a positive and negative manner. God trust and is confiding to Moses, but the common faithful people are not completely trusted by God as their attitude can change according to comfort and discomfort. The priests are people who praise and worship God to get favor. But God feel more obliged to innocent believer .when it is the question of deity Amun Re, it is regarded as the king of Gods and other gods are believed to be his manifestation. So the priests who worship Amun Re had secondary authority when compared to Moses. The formation of deity and rituals is only needed to fulfill the commands given to Moses in order to save the people of Israel. Here the construction of Amun re temple is made to maintain connection with the sun’s rays and position thorough the day. Here, the king Hammurabi also has a significant role to play as he was a person who employed justice and rights in ruling his people. He was also an ardent believer of god like Moses .However; Hammurabi believed and had faith in Shamash the sun god who is believed to be ultimate God by Egyptian civilization. Hammurabi, if like Moses had strong faith and belief in God he can get commandments and orders from Shaman for the prosperity and empowerment of his country. Moreover,The height of the stele refers to the high positioned throne of God, and shape of the stele denotes the universal structure of sky and space. Here the stele represents Hammurabi as a worshipper and devotee of Shaman, and his conversation with god over justice issue. The passages of Hebrew bible show that the people in Israel feared God but love towards him was not up to the mark of Moses. The Israelites where more inclined to religious rituals and ceremonies for

Summarize an approved scholarly article regarding a biblical book Assignment

Summarize an approved scholarly article regarding a biblical book - Assignment Example The next aspect is divine filiation of the monarch. Indeed, both David and Jesus are called a Son of god. Then there is a clear messianic status of the monarch: while David is praised as the Messiah, Jesus is the Messiah. The fourth aspect is centrality of Jerusalem: all major events of both lives take place in Jerusalem. For example, David proclaimed this city as the capital of the new kingdom, while Jesus was crucified in this city. Another aspect is centrality of the Temple. Indeed, the life of David is firmly connected to the erection of the Temple. On the other hand, Jesus preaches to the people from the Temple. The sixth point of comparison is the emergence of the international empire. Thus, David is known as a ruler who was able to conquer different nations and bring them under the power of Jerusalem. The name was done by Jesus, but in terms of spiritual teaching. Finally, the people thought that both David and Jesus would have eternal rule. In other words, they were regarded as leaders until the end of days. The author points out that many times in Luke-Acts, the Evangelist shows that the kingdom of David should be considers in close connection to the earliest book of the Old Testament, namely Genesis. First of all, the Solomonic temple which is the central building in life of David should be seen as microcosm. Indeed, the Scriptures say that the Lord agrees to give strength to the house of David if the latter creates house for God. Furthermore, the Temple was deliberated designed to remind of the Eden which people left in the beginning of times. For example, it was set on a hill with a river flowing next to it. Secondly, there is a strong parallel that is drawn between Adam and David. They both are referred to as second only to God which implies their great importance for the world. Moreover, each of them is granted with the universal dominion over all the things in the world. Thus,

The New Deal And Reagan :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New Deal provided motivation for governmental action for fifty years. The material conditions of the nation could be cast into the frame of the New Deal and would motivate public action to address them. The way that they were addressed was framed by the New Deal's notion that the dispossessed of society were dispossessed because of the irresponsible actions of those at the top of the American economy. Government would become their representative in addressing the failures of capitalist leadership to protect the common man and woman. Franklin D. Roosevelt instituted the New Deal, which consisted of the Workers Progress Administration, and Social Security among several other programs. At the time, conservative critics charged it was bringing a form of socialism into the capitalistic American system. Conservatives sustained this argument until the 1980's when President Reagan actions brought conservative economic beliefs into fruition. Ronald Reagan was to succee d in defusing the political power of the New Deal motive. In doing so, he managed the public/private line, moving many concerns back to being private concerns that the New Deal form had seen as public matters. Reagan was to accomplish this by substituting another motive that replaced the faith of Roosevelt with the faith of Reagan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the programs, which the New Deal instituted, was the Workers Progress Administration. The stated purpose of the Workers Progress Administration was to provide useful work for millions of victims of the Great Depression and thus to preserve their skills and self-respect. The economy would in turn be stimulated by the increased purchasing power of the newly employed, whose wages under the program ranged from $15 to $90 per month. Although this administration lasted only 8 years it gave the understanding that a middle class American society would have to commence, for the economy to operate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The assistance, which was given to workers during the New Deal, was to be eroded by the Reagan administration. Reagan's economic policies towards middle to lower class workers recognized the economic imbalance of American society as a problem, which could not be solved by so called subordination of the American taxpayer. The implication of this was that the government would not subsidize, using taxpayer money, administrations and programs that were similar to those of the New Deal. One can derive this conclusion by looking at Reagan's policy towards cutting unemployment insurance and his hesitation towards raising the minimum wage.

Admission Essay for FNP

I believe that the nursing profession is a calling – a noble and selfless calling. As a nurse, I see myself as a solution to people’s problems. With this in mind, I try my best to give all I can to ensure that the health care needs of patients are met.The Family Nurse Practitioner is strategic in the health care system. This is because they directly deal with the family, meeting their needs both in and out of the hospital environment. Family Nurse Practitioners hold the responsibility of not only meeting the health needs of families but also to provide guidance, counsel and direct care in family self-medication.The Family Nurse practitioner needs a heart and that I have. Personally, I want to be a FNP serving in third world countries. I believe my help is needed more in these parts of the world where health care is in its developmental stages.I see myself counseling parents about the appropriate health plans that are best for them and their children. I also see myself h elping the underserved and the culturally different enjoy the same health care that the other sections of the society enjoy.I believe that there is neither black nor white, that we all have medical needs and we are all entitled to the same healthcare. My call is to prevent ailment when possible and to offer guidance to families in these third world countries. I see myself helping to put a smile in people’s faces and making life better for these people.I may not be a philanthropist with billions of dollars to give but I have the heart and I heed to my calling. I want to put a smile across the faces of the children and see parents going about their business with sound minds and body. This is why I want to be a Family Nurse Practitioner.