Utilitarianism A Man Named Joe Is Dying Of Aids

Dan Simons Ethics Mill Paper 10/28/14 Utilitarianism The Topic that is have chosen is Topic #1 which is â€Å"What is utilitarianism? Suppose a man named Joe is dying of AIDS. He requests that his doctor prescribe him a lethal dose of medication in order to end his life now, before the worst suffering from AIDS begins. His family objects to this. How would Mill advise the doctor? What sort of questions would he ask? What facts would be relevant to evaluating the case and why would they be relevant?† in the following I will be presenting what utilitarianism is, how Mill would advise the doctor, and why he would advise the doctor, and what evidence would he use to persuade the doctor. Along with what the difference is between act and rule†¦show more content†¦Gay’s belief was that God had created humans to be happy, and that his will is that humans are to be happy. Bentham expanded upon these ideas. Bentham introduced the idea of the Hedonic Calculus, which is meant to determine the value of bot h pleasures, and pains. Mill then further defined utilitarianism by the quality of the utility rather than the quantity of it. He argued that intellectual (higher) pleasures where better than physical (lower) pleasures. Mill argues that pleasures aren’t to be considered happiness, and that they are a means to an end known as Virtue, which in the beginning wasn’t the end, however it can become so. The idea of ideal utilitarianism brought into light by G.E. Moore who goes into depth of what ideal utilitarianism means. G.E. Moore suggests that hedonistic utilitarianism was not ideal, however that there are ranging ideas, and values that could be maximized. Moore argues that is impossible for pleasure to be the only measure of what is ideal. These values although all come from different backgrounds, and have different theories argue that what benefits society are moral actions, which will cause happiness. Though some actions maybe considered immoral for some others they ar e considered moral such as mercy killing. Consider the following, a man by the name of Joe is dying of Aids, due to the severity of his condition he asked his doctor to give him a lethal dose of

Essay on The Importance of a Charismatic Leader - 2343 Words

The role of the charismatic leader in the emergence of a new society has been frequently commented on from within the studies of sociology and world leadership. The charismatic leader is unique, in the sense that the authority that the leader possesses is largely based on the individual traits of the leader, and his or her ability to maintain support from followers. As a result, the charisma of a leader is many times not enough to ensure a long lasting stabilized society. Max Weber has suggested in his study of leadership and authority, a process known as the routinization of charisma must take place in order for a movement or message to continue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of the routinization of charisma and†¦show more content†¦Authority is transferred from the charismatic leader into the newly established institutional framework of a new regime, which allows the system to become stable and viable. While this process may signal a diminishing role and importance of the charismatic leader, the initial bond between the leader and his disciples is not broken. This process simply allows for charismatic authority to no longer be the dominant mode in which leaders garner their legitimacy. Instead, charisma is transformed and essentially incorporated into a permanent political structure or established traditions present in society. This is Weber’s process of the routinization of charisma but as the transference of authority form Lenin to Stalin demonstrates, this process is susceptible to other possible outcomes. A discussion on the rise of the Soviet Union must first begin with looking at the immense role played by Vladimir Lenin. After the conclusion of the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin enjoyed a form of legitimacy stemming from the zeal produced during the revolutionary period. Similar to other charismatic leaders, it was Lenin’s consummate political skill, his ability to seize opportunities, and the scruples of the provisional government, which allowed him to gain control of the Russian state. Once this occurred, he helped establish a set of structures such as the Russian Central Committee and the Politburo, which wouldShow MoreRelatedHuman Leadership: The Importance of Charismatic Leaders in an Organization950 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I was trying to only gain points and was not concerned about other people in the game. I realised that I was a manager rather than a leader. I had only the managerial skills and not the leadership abilities. I was rejecting people who approa ched me to form a group by accepting their status quo. From the table below it clearly shows the difference between a leader and manager. 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T hough there may be several perception of a leader, it has become associated with being a positive influence to its people and the company. Scholars have long argued leadership to include characteristics and traits and as to whether leaders are born or acquired. For obvious reasons, it is believed that leaders are bornRead MoreDiscuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Some Common Leadership Styles and Evaluate How Modern Managers Can Best Implement Them to Deal with the Challenges They Face in the 21st Century.814 Words   |  4 Pages228-248). The importance of the leadership and its significant impact on the businesss performance , productivity of the organization and turnover is clear for most business people and scholars. It is a subject that has long excited interest among people (Yukl, 2010: 19). In addition, it has been classified in many different ways. However, this essay intends to explore only the advantages and disadvantages of charismatic and transformational style. Furthermore, it looks at how todays leaders can exploitRead MoreLeadership As A Charismatic Leader1495 Words   |  6 Pages Today in society we see many leaders in this chaotic world we live in today. Leaders have to deal with tricky situations no matter the circumstances. Everyone including leaders desire to work in a drama free and less negative establishment. However, an effective leader must be able to with handle problems or issues. A leader have to learn how to adapt and adjust, guide their counterparts which leads to productive environment. Charismatic leader helps produces a pleasurable environment to createRead MoreLeadership Styles And Activism Of African American Women1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhen asked to identify important leaders of the civil rights movement, the name that most often comes to one’s mind is Martin Luther King Jr. Others may mention James Forman, Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, James Farmer, Andrew Young, or Bayard Rustin. Notably missing are the names of women leaders. Rarely would Ella Baker, Septima Clark, Gloria Richardson, Daisy Bates, or Fannie Lou Hamer be identified. The absence of the women leaders of the civil rights movement from history is not becauseRead MoreLeadership1292 Words   |  6 Pageschapter about charismatic and transformational leadership? As a leader, charisma is needed as it is a unique quality to differentiate leaders by their purposes, powers and extraordinary determination they had in them. The quality of charisma is so important as it creates desire for others to follow the leaders. Through charismatic leaderships, it enables the leaders to coordinate and cultivate the relationship with their team members. In other words, charisma leaders are the leaders who will inspire

Auditng and Assurance Standards Professional Accountants

Questions: 1. The following are a number of different situations where there may be violations of the ethical principles .You are asked to state whether there has been a violation of the Accountants Code of Ethics and state which ethical principle has been violated briefly providing a reason for your opinion: (a) Peter Harmon , professional accountant, does the bookkeeping, prepares the tax returns and provides various management services for Bunker L td .When providing these services it frequently advises its clients to buy its computer equipment from Computer Services Ltd. Computer Services has agreed to pay Harmon a 10% commission if the referral leads to sales for Computer Services . (b)David Smith ,an auditor ,was asked by Allied Insurance,for its help in finding clients. David Smith subsequently referred ten clients to the insurance company without letting them know. (c) Wrench and company,Chartered Accountants,keeps details of its clients in its computer records at its office .Since i t also has time available it will allow its clients to use its computers if they requirethem.If necessary Wrench will arrange for members of its staff,mainly administration but sometimes from the audit branch to assist with the input of data for these clients.The staff from the Audit section can be involved in the audit of clients, depending upon the Audit Partners requirements. (d)Stephanie Barry has an audit client,Williams Pty Ltd ,which uses another public accountant forits management services work. Barry sends her firms literature regarding its management services capabilities to Williams on a monthly basis,unsolicited . 2. Indicate the type of opinion that should be expressed in each of the following situations,providing reasons for your choice. (c) Management have excluded from the financial report the necessary disclosures in relation toa contingent liability .If this becomes an actual liability it will have a material effect on the financial report. (d) A significant proportion of a retailers sales are on a cash basis and inadequate records have been maintained. There are no audit tests that can be done to assure yourself that cash sales are accurate. (e)You have been asked to do the audit for a new client this financial year .While you are satisfied that there appears to be no material misstatements for the information during the current financial year the client will not provide any information about the opening balances of accounts at the start of the financial year. (f) You have just started auditing the financial statements of a client which has not been followingthe Australian Accounting Standards since it began operating five years ago. Answers: 1. a) APES 110, Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants clearly states in Section 240 that an auditor has full rights to enter into an arrangement with any dealer or such other shop keeper wherein he would be entitled to receive a referral fee if any of his recommended clients buy something from them. However the same is acceptable only once it is disclosed to the concerned client about such an arrangement mentioning the details about the dealer and the calculation of such a fee (APESB, 2010). Therefore in this case Peter Harmon is said to have violated the APES 110 as he had not informed the client about his agreement with Computer Services Limited. b) An auditor is expected to maintain confidentiality in his conduct. It is a pre-requisite of the said profession and hence giving away details about the client to any third party be it an insurance company also should be done after prior consent form the client (cpaaustralia.com., 2014). Therefore in this case David had not taken any assent from the client and forwarded their contacts to Allied Insurance which was in contravention to the ethical code of conduct which details about maintenance of secrecy of client data. c) A professional is entitled to perform one task at a time i.e. either audit or non-audit. Simple reason behind the same is the maintenance of independence. An auditors profession requires him to be independent and unbiased in his conduct and performing those two tasks of the client would be contradicting the same (Causholli et.al. 2015),. However if the auditor takes due permission from the client for doing both the tasks then the same is allowable but at the same time the work has to be again checked by another auditor of the same firm so as to be doubly sure about the maintenance of integrity and objectivity. Thus the auditing staff can do the book keeping work as well but only after getting due permission from the client. d) The fundamental principles of the auditing profession clearly mentions that an auditor can advertise his professional work but in a certain specific manner so that it does not bring any kind of disregard to the profession. On critically understanding the said case it is concluded that the performance of Barry is unethical and that he has not complied with the basic principles of professionalism by sending the management services to the client without is assent just to snatch away the work being performed by other auditor(ethicsboard.org., 2012). Therefore Stephanie Barrys act brings disrepute to the auditing profession. 2. c) Liabilities which are reflected at the bottom of the line of balance sheet are contingent liabilities and they are an inseparable part of the financial statements. They generally show the liability that may arise in future and is materialistic in nature to the extent that it would have a major financial impact on the company. Thus its disclosure is a must since the investors and the other users of the financial statements take decisions with regards their investments basis the financial statements and this item also is a contributor to the same (aasb.gov.au., 2011). Therefore an auditor should ensure that such contingent liabilities should be adequately disclosed and if not then an adverse opinion should be given. Hence in this scenario since the management has excluded the disclosure of the said liability, the auditor is to give a qualified audit report. d) Maintaining books of accounts is a must for all entities even if it conducts its major part of sales in cash. If the books of accounts are not prepared in a timely manner then the same would be impossible for the auditor to conduct the audit. Thus in the present scenario the auditor will not be able to commence his work of audit at all thus would not be able to give any opinion as such. e) Verification of opening balances is one of the main stages of an audit and the first as well. Without verifying last years closing balances it would difficult to decide upon the correctness of balances since if the opening balances are incorrect then it would show an incorrect account balance at the end of the present year as well and the same would be carried forward year on year basis. Thus even if the client does not permit the auditor to verify the same, he should take all steps to try to assure himself about the sanctity of the opening balances. Further to this even if the auditor is able to verify the same, he should give a negative opinion just to safeguard himself against any future legalities. f) It is a compulsion for all the entities which are registered in Australia to maintain their financial statements as per the Australian Accounting Standards. However, if any company does not maintain so then the auditor should ask the company to again prepare the books of accounts as per the said standards (aasb.gov.au. 2012). Even after intimation if the Company does not then the auditor should give a qualified report stating the said fact. References APESB, (2010), APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf aasb.gov.au., (2011), AASB 137 -Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB137_07-04_COMPoct10_01-11.pdf aasb.gov.au., (2012), AASB 101- Presentation of Financial Statements, https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_09-07_COMPsep11_07-12.pdf Causholli,M., Chambers, D.J., Payne, J.L., (2015), Does Selling Non-Audit Services Impair Auditor Independence ? New Research Says, yes, American Accounting Association, vol.9, no.2, pp. 1-6 cpaaustralia.com., (2014), An Overview of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, Available at https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ethics/an-overview-of-apes-110-code-of-ethics.pdf (Accessed 29th January 2017) ethicsboard.org., (2012), Revised Code of Ethics Completed, Available at https://www.ethicsboard.org/projects/revised-code-ethics-completed (Accessed 29th January 2017)

Democracy in Germany free essay sample

The collapse of the democracy in Germany between 1928 and 1934 was not contributed by one single event but by a wide ranging, and large number of factors, making it vulnerable to sudden shock. In some ways, the complexity of contributing factors to the collapse of democracy can be depended on the shaky foundations, lack of a democratic tradition and flaws within the constitution. Like the article 48, it created opportunities for the corrupt high commands to abuse the democratic authority, the appointment of Chancellor Bruning would be one of the early examples to the failing democratic situation in Germany. Follow by many other issues such as the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depsression. Germany changed from a true representative democracy to the extreme dictatorship, Nazis totalitarian state. In general, the appointment of Hitler as chancellor signified the end of republic and democracy in Germany. But now, the question is, how did Hitler manage to gain his position of chancellorship? The answer focuses on the economic situation in the world during that period of time. The whole world was suffering from the Great Depression, which brought financial crisis to many countries including the U.S who Germany depended heavily on their loans to pay the reparation payments. This meant more unemployment and failing living standards to the German people. In many ways this was achieved by the policies of Bruning’s government as he managed to establish an absolutely balanced budget to avoid inflation, by raising taxes, cutting expanded charges, and reducing wages. This shows to us how the weak chancellor and the government were unable to solve difficult issues effectively. This was partly due to the lack of a democratic tradition within Germany.The high commands were not familiar with the representative system and then, more problems kept coming, people kept losing their confidence to the Republic. And this is one of the many elements that contributed to the collapse of Democracy. Moreover, many of them had never accepted the idea of a republic and were still thinking of Germany’s past glories, along with the previous humiliation brought by the Treaty of Versailles such as the loss of territories, the reparation payments and the war guilt clause, people doubted the ability of the Republic.Now, the economic hardship seeme d to be proving it right and they lost their confidence to the Democratic system. This opened a gap for Hitler to get in, and to argue about how bad the republic was. The historian William Shirer believed â€Å"Rather it gave men like Hitler the opportunity to take advantage of misfortune. Hitler would be able to use this time of misfortune, not from any concern about the plight of the German people but purely as a means to further his political progress†.Therefore, the Great Depression gave Hitler the opportunity to take advantage of a time of hardship facing the republic to tell the German people that the NSDAP would be able to help the country to get through all the difficulties. This led to the increase of support towards the Nazis and paved the way for their success, and of course, the failure of democracy in Germany. It is also important to look at Hitler and his Nazi party itself, to discover what he had done in gaining his position.When Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933, he swore to uphold the constitution, and would co-orporate with the gove rnment. This fooled the president and Papen and many others who thought that Hitler was actually under their own control, however, they didn’t realize that they had actually underestimated Hitler. Moreover, the flaws of the constitution gave Hitler a chance to do what he wanted. The Article 48 which was designed to protect the constitution in case of dangers was one of the most useful tools for Hitler to exploit the Republic as he was able to use the constitution to change the constitution.This was one example of how Hitler himself tried to gain his position successfully and finally led to the rise of his party with the help of the weakness of the constitution. Another example of these was the proposal of the Enabling Act which gave Hitler the power to issue law without the approval of the Reichstag. This was originally designed to be used for 4 years. However, Hitler had never given up on using this in implementing his extreme personal dictatorship. Now, at this stage, we can say that Hitler and his Nazi Party was already able to do whatever they wanted to the country because they had the power of the Enabling Act.This meant that at least at the political level, Hitler had become the greatest power and the Democratic system had suffered large scale destruction already. To establish his (Hitler) absolute power, Hitler used propaganda to try to create an element of mass support in the country in order to strengthen his position against both his political opponents and the president, and by using this tactic, Hitler showed to the German people that they never claimed to represent only one class. People were attracted by the idealism of the movement and the hope of a better Germany.Because of this, his government was projected as a government of national revival. On the other hand, he used force to fight against his political and social opponents, particularly the communists. In an intimidation against the communists and others on the left politics, the Reichstag building in Berlin was burnt down. It gave Hitler an excellent chance to unify the government and to ban the communist party by the declaration of the decree for the protection of people and state. This took away all the basic rights from the German.Again, article 48 was used. This reveals that if there wasn’t such a power, those democratic opponents such as Hitler wouldn’t have the chance to do what they wanted. And again, this became one of the reasons contributed to the fall of democracy. On 21 March 1933, Hitler presented the Nazis and himself as the legitimate government and heir to previous periods in German history, the first Reichstag of the third Reich was opened. ‘Hitler would open the new Reichstag, which he was about to destroy’ (William Shirer). It gives us a clear idea that this third Reich, was leading Germany to go backwards, a direction which was opposite to democracy, and it signified that Hitler was destroying the Reichstag, by implementing his new â€Å"Reichstag†. Finally, Hitler seized control over the civil service, the trade unions, and most importantly, the end of political parties, gives us an idea of the dead democracy and the dramatic growing of his own dictatorship as there was no opponents existed anymore. By this moment, Hitler had already have control over the whole nation, the government, the German people. The feeling of a great change which had affected people vaguely when Hitler entered government now overcame wider and wider sections of the population†¦The past was dead. The future, it seemed, belonged to the regime. ’ From the German historian Joachim Fest (J. Fest, Hitler, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London 1973 p 415) These words by the historian Joachim Fest proves the above argume nts about Hitler’s seizure of power, and his successes on implementing his dictatorship were true. And now, by discussing the wide range of factors contributed to the failure of German democracy, we have seen how it was failed from the inside and from the outside. All the events had an effect on defeating the democracy in Germany step by step and finally, a dictatorship came to power, and the republic died. And this is the failure of democracy in Germany in the period between 1928 and 1934. References: W. Shirer, The rise and fall of the third Reich, Pan books, London, 1964, P. 246 J. Fest, Hitler, Weidenfeld Nicolson, London, 1973, p. 415 W. Shirer, The rise and fall of the third Reich, Pan books, 1960, p. 235

Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca Essay Example

Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca Paper Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, is set in early 20th century Mexico, while The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca, is set in 1930s Spain. Both works delineate the roles of women, as well as the barriers created because of their social and familial situations, which define their experiences. Mama Elena and Bernarda Alba are the symbolic matriarchs, and Rosaura and Angustias symbolize the zealous followers of the conservative family traditions, and Maria Josefa and Morning Light are the knowing elderly. However, in spite of their differences, all of the women experience some form of alienation: psychological, physical, or alienation from the wider community. In the works, figurative barriers created by keys, doors and locks underscore the important element of alienation, which is produced partially by the womens actual or intended perpetuation of conservative family traditions. Consequently, in both texts alienation is self-perpetuating, and finds its source within the family as much as outside it. Maria Josefa in The House of Bernarda Alba and the Morning Light in Like Water for Chocolate are symbols of wisdom. The attempted psychological alienation of Maria Josefa and Morning Light is amplified by the recurring motif of literal and figurative keys, locks, or walls although, ironically, none proves totally effective. In the opening scene of The House of Bernarda Alba, Poncia ensures that Maria Josefa is locked up tight with the crossbar up too, for Shes got the fingers of a lock-picker (Pg. 158). Maria Josefas incarceration prefigures what will happen to the young women in Bernardas house. She also mirrors the genuine feelings of the daughters. We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Like Water for Chocolate, by Laura Esquivel, and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Federico Garcia Lorca specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is conveyed when Maria Josefa sardonically describes the daughters as single women, longing for marriage, turning their hearts into dust (Pg. 175). She proclaims the truth to the daughters that not a one of you is going to marry-not a one (Pg. 175), thus articulates the alienation from normal social relations that they will all suffer. The indirect allusion to doors and walls underscores the imprisonment, confinement and censorship in the house. Such barriers are however, somewhat permeable, as Maria Josefa is still able to communicate her thoughts both cryptically and offensively. In a less tangible sense, the allusion to doors and walls emphasizes the emotional alienation between characters in the house, for their feelings or thoughts are not able to be voiced nor shared. Maria Josefa, with her lock picker fingers, does escape but not for long. Her attempts signify how repressed emotions challenge door and walls. Josefas failure relates to the climax, as well as portends the tragedy of Adelas suicide in Act ?. In Act ? , Adela thinks Pepe, her only means of escape, is demolished. As a result, she commits the ultimate act of self-alienation- suicide, for without Pepe she can no longer achieve her dreams and desires. Antagonists in Like Water for Chocolate also alienate Morning Lights wisdom by figurative and literal barriers. Morning Lights Indian blood prohibits her from enjoying equality in Johns Yankee family. As a result, she and her wisdom are confined in this room at the back of the house which Johns grandfather has built (pg. 100). The walls of this room at the back of the house (pg. 100) reinforce the idea of emotional alienation of Morning Light from the others. These walls are an allusion to social barriers, for Morning Light is alienated because of stereotypical perceptions that Indians are subservient to Yankees. Ironically, the barriers fail to sequester the wisdom of Morning Light. She heals her father-in-law with her magic healing power. Her eccentric way of singing strange melodies, applying curing herbs, and her wreathing in the smoke of copal and incense she burned (pg. 102) finally receives appreciation; and the wisdom of a native Indian previously overlooked due to prejudice, is recognized for the first time. It is also interesting that other momentous events in Like Water For Chocolate tend to take place in rooms and compartments separated from the main body of the house, e. g. the shower, the kitchen, the room where Tita and Pedro consummate their love and passion. Apart from walls, doors are another example of figurative barriers that evoke emotional alienation of characters in the houses, in addition to imposing physical alienation on the characters. In Like Water For Chocolate, a door causes the dark room to be disembodied from the main house. The room, where Tita and Pedro consummate their love, is dark. This suggests their love is clandestine. It also suggests their love is likely to be suppressed by figurative barriers imposed by the wider community. As Pedro slipped silently into the room behind her and shut the door (pg. 144), he attains the private space required for Tita and his delight. The closing of the door completes the sense of enclosure, effectively alienating the passion of the protagonists from outsiders. In this instance, the alienation transforms into a positive and desirable one. Yet, if the protagonists are caught they will become social outcasts and suffer a different kind of self-imposed alienation, and Pedro has not got the courage to risk it. In direct contrast, the effect of the doors as social and psychological barriers is suggested when Rosaura is confined in her room. She is alienated from the truth and passion of Tita and Pedros affair, for she does not have the potential to light her own box of matches. She experiences things from a distance; she sees the ghostly light from the other room, she is in her bedroom, trying to put her daughter to sleep (pg. 44). Sadly, the bedroom is a lonely place for her, and she is not particularly a good mother. In House of Bernarda Alba, the doors and walls literally block people from witnessing Adela and Pepes illicit love affair. Ironically, these barriers do not prevent the antagonists from figuratively, perceiving the truth, just as doors cannot halt the passion from penetrating a house that is supposedly decent. The domination of Pepe over Adela is so profound that there is no actual resistance. Adela confirms Pepes control over her as she proclaims that no one but Pepe commands me! (pg. 209). Unfortunately Bernardas persists on perpetuating the family tradition, so that Adelas love for Pepe cannot continue. Adelas suicide is the ultimate act of self-alienation. Lorca and Esquivel have figurative barriers like keys and locks to underscore the alienation of characters from the wider community. The stallion in the House of Bernarda Alba is an allusion to the innate desires of the daughters, which are particularly expressed by Adela. The animal yearns to be untethered, but is unfortunatel y locked up by Bernarda, the key holder. Like the daughters, the stallion strives to escape the confined space that is in this case, the corral, in order to attain freedom. The stallions drive is conveyed as he kicks against the wall of the house (pg. 197). The sound is so pervasive and disturbing that Prudencia declares she quivered in her chest (pg. 197). Angustias engagement ring is a figurative barrier as well as key to understanding some of the plays emotions and meanings. Engagement rings are traditionally symbols of commitment, and represent the covenant of love. The passion within Angustias waits to be unlocked, and the love of Pepe, symbolized by the ring, is the key to it. But traditionally a ring signified tears(pg. 198). This foreshadows Angustias misery and distance from the happiness of a marriage, imposed by this figurative barrier. Figurative keys and locks inform Like Water for Chocolate. Titas ardent emotions, like matches, are held within a figurative matchbox. Pedros making love to her acts as the key, which unlocks and releases her passion. The unlocking of emotions is so potent that it creates a brightness that shines far beyond our normal vision. (pg. 19). A splendid tunnel then appears that shows us the way that we forgot when we were born and calls us to recover our lost divine origin. (pg. 220). The long-desired love between Tita and Pedro is finally consummated, as their ultimate act of self-alienation by death allows them to break off all barriers and constraints. Esquivel and Lorca have figurative barriers such as keys, doors and locks to highlight the psychological, physical alienation, as well as the alienation of the characters. Under conservative family traditions, desires and dreams of protagonists like Adela and Tita are difficult to attain. The actual or intended perpetuation of traditions by matriarchs like Bernarda Alba and Mama Elena exacerbates the suppression. The protagonists, Adela and Tita choose death as the ultimate act of self-alienation. However, the consequences of their deaths are different. Since the situation for Adela has become too much to bear, she retreats to self-destruction. Her search for fulfillment is therefore an ugly failure. In contrast, with death, Tita and Pedro are able to defy all constraints and consummate their love. As a result, their search for fulfillment is a success- they do open locks and penetrate barriers.

Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program Essay Sample

Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program Essay SampleThe Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program is an incredible opportunity for anyone who is serious about their education. However, it can be difficult to create a comprehensive, professional written essay that will effectively demonstrate your passion for law. By taking the time to consider the Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample below, you will be able to prepare a well-crafted essay that will encourage a particular group of admissions officers to interview you.To gain access to the application form, you should first go to the University of California, Berkeley website and register for the next semester. You will then be directed to the section where you will be required to complete the application. The essay sample provides you with the basic formatting guidelines for the application form. Once you have finished filling out the form, you will be able to take advantage of the generous scholarship off er.To be considered for this scholarship, you must meet the following requirements: be under the age of 18 and be a US citizen; have an outstanding academic potential; have never attended a four-year college or university; and possess a valid social security number. You will also need to provide a summary of your school experience. Students are encouraged to share specific achievements from their high school years. You will also need to show that you have a personal commitment to public service. In order to earn this scholarship, you will need to be self-motivated and possess exceptional writing skills.The Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample includes four sample essays, each of which contains different unique writing styles. The first example consists of a 'Standard Essay,' which is a standardized way to explain the reasons for why you deserve the financial assistance and has been known to be very successful. The second example is a 'Research Essay,' which util izes specific examples to show students how they can explain their scholarly achievements and whether they are worthy of the opportunity. The third and fourth examples, 'Foundational Essays'Drafting Essays,' use the same format to illustrate different aspects of the admissions process.Some students may find it difficult to get through the Berkeley admissions process without a clear idea of what is expected of them. The Berkeley Law Opportunity Scholarship Program essay sample provides students with written instructions on what to include in the application. It will help to review these instructions prior to completing the form so that you can be sure you understand the eligibility requirements.The first paragraph of the essay must include a clearly stated objective of the student and must use words that convey urgency. This needs to be a long and detailed statement, as it can make or break the acceptance of the student.The introductory paragraph should include the student's name, th e type of scholarship that he or she has received, and the date the essay was submitted. The next section of the essay should discuss how the student's experience and talents can benefit the law school community.The second paragraph of the essay should describe the student's strengths, passions, and skills. The second paragraph should be somewhat less detailed than the first one and should describe the student's personality traits.

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity Free Online Research Papers There are reasons to expect a favorable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. This is expected to occur through several channels: (a) Import liberalization will provide to industrial firms greater and cheaper access to imported capital goods and intermediate goods (embodying advanced technology), which will enable the firms improve their productivity performance; (b) Greater availability of imported intermediate goods will enable the firms to exploit better the productivity enhancing potential of imported technology; (c) The increased competitive pressure on industrial units in a liberalized import regime will force them to be more efficient in the use of resources (which can be achieved through better organization of production, improved managerial efficiency, more effective utilization of labour, better capacity utilization, etc.); (d) The increased competitive pressure coupled with expanded opportunities for importing technology and capital goods will bring greater technological dynamism in industrial firms; (e) As the competitive business environment forces inefficient firms to close down, the average level of efficiency of various industries should improve; (f) Greater access to imported inputs and a more realistic exchange rate associated with a liberalized trade regime would enable industrial firms compete more effectively in export markets. This would allow them to increase their sales and reap economies of scale with concomitant gains in productivity. Evidently, there are persuasive theoretical arguments for contemplating a positive effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. However, this view or hypothesis does not have a strong empirical support. There have been a number of empirical studies for developing countries, including the countries of Asia, in which econometric models have been estimated to assess the effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Some of them have found a significant favourable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. But, some have found no significant effect, while some others have found an adverse effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Thus, on the whole, the empirical evidence on the relationship between import liberalization and industrial productivity in developing countries is mixed and no definite conclusion can be drawn. As regards Indian industry, there are two recent studies, which have examined the effect of economic refo rms on industrial productivity. These are by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, Pushpangadan and Suresh Babu (2000). Both studies have used firm- level data taken from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. Also, there is similarity in the method of econometric analysis applied in the two studies. But, the studies come up with conflicting results. Krishna and Mitra find evidence of a significant favourable effect of reforms on indus trial productivity. Balakrishanan et al., on the other hand, find an adverse effect of economic reforms on industrial productivity. One serious limitation of both studies is that they have not used explicit trade liberalization variables in the econometric model estimated. Rather, a dummy variable approach has been taken to distinguish between the pre- and post-reform periods. This study differs from the studies undertaken by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, et al. (2000) in several respects. The analysis of productivity is undertaken at the industry- level rather than at the firm- level. The source of data is also different.More important, an attempt is made here to incorporate explicitly variables representing trade liberalization in the econometric model estimated. Research Papers on Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial ProductivityDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office System